{"id":18483,"date":"2025-11-13T12:56:23","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T12:56:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/?p=18483"},"modified":"2026-02-24T17:35:30","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T17:35:30","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%87%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%87%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0637\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0642\u0637\u0631 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size-full\" alt=\"2 The Ancient Era- The Birth of Civilization in the Gulf\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Ancient-Era-The-Birth-of-Civilization-in-the-Gulf-2.webp'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Ancient-Era-The-Birth-of-Civilization-in-the-Gulf-2.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"2 The Ancient Era- The Birth of Civilization in the Gulf 2\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<h4><b>\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a: \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-18483 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Islamic-Era-A-Civilizational-Turning-Point.webp'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Islamic-Era-A-Civilizational-Turning-Point.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"2 The Islamic Era- A Civilizational Turning Point\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Islamic-Era-A-Civilizational-Turning-Point-2.webp'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Islamic-Era-A-Civilizational-Turning-Point-2.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"2 The Islamic Era- A Civilizational Turning Point 2\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629. \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id='gallery-3' class='gallery galleryid-18483 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Ottoman-and-Portuguese-Era-Competition-of-Powers.webp'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Ottoman-and-Portuguese-Era-Competition-of-Powers.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"2 The Ottoman and Portuguese Era- Competition of Powers\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Ottoman-and-Portuguese-Era-Competition-of-Powers-2.webp'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Ottoman-and-Portuguese-Era-Competition-of-Powers-2.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"2 The Ottoman and Portuguese Era- Competition of Powers 2\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<h4><b>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1871\u0645. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1915\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id='gallery-4' class='gallery galleryid-18483 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Period-of-Rise-The-Eighteenth-and-Nineteenth-Centuries.webp'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Period-of-Rise-The-Eighteenth-and-Nineteenth-Centuries.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"2 The Period of Rise- The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Period-of-Rise-The-Eighteenth-and-Nineteenth-Centuries-2.webp'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Period-of-Rise-The-Eighteenth-and-Nineteenth-Centuries-2.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"2 The Period of Rise- The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 2\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<h4><b>\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b: \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id='gallery-5' class='gallery galleryid-18483 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Unification-and-Modern-Foundation-The-Era-of-Al-Thani.webp'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Unification-and-Modern-Foundation-The-Era-of-Al-Thani.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"2 The Unification and Modern Foundation- The Era of Al Thani\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Unification-and-Modern-Foundation-The-Era-of-Al-Thani-2.webp'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Unification-and-Modern-Foundation-The-Era-of-Al-Thani-2.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"2 The Unification and Modern Foundation- The Era of Al Thani 2\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<h4><b>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c 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aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id='gallery-6' class='gallery galleryid-18483 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Modern-Era-From-Protection-to-Independence.webp'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Modern-Era-From-Protection-to-Independence.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"2 The Modern Era- From Protection to Independence\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Modern-Era-From-Protection-to-Independence-2.webp'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-The-Modern-Era-From-Protection-to-Independence-2.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"2 The Modern Era- From Protection to Independence 2\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<h4><b>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1916)<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1915 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 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\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (1971)<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1971\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1972\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0650\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631: \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id='gallery-7' class='gallery galleryid-18483 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-Contemporary-Development-The-Journey-of-Modernization.webp'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-Contemporary-Development-The-Journey-of-Modernization.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"2 Contemporary Development- The Journey of Modernization\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-Contemporary-Development-The-Journey-of-Modernization-2.webp'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/almatar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-Contemporary-Development-The-Journey-of-Modernization-2.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"2 Contemporary Development- The Journey of Modernization 2\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627. 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